镉胁迫对尾巨桉幼苗生长和生理特性的影响

以尾巨桉(DH_32-29)幼苗为试验材料，以植株的生长指标(苗高、地径、叶面积)、生物量、根冠比、氮平衡指数(NBI)、叶绿素相对含量(SPAD 值)、丙二醛(MDA)含量和叶绿素荧光参数为指标，通过盆栽试验设置8个10~140 mg·kg^-1浓度镉(Cd)盐溶液处理，研究了不同浓度 Cd 胁迫处理下尾巨桉幼苗的形态和生理特性变化规律。结果显示：低浓度(10 mg·kg^-1)Cd 处理对尾巨桉幼苗的形态和生理特性无明显影响。当 Cd 浓度大于20 mg·kg^-1，随着 Cd浓度的逐渐增大，其对尾巨桉幼苗的伤害程度也逐渐增加，主要表现为：植株生长缓慢、生物量减小、叶绿素相对含量和叶绿素荧光参数(Fv/Fm、φPSⅡ、NP、NBI)均下降，qP 无明显变化， MDA 含量升高。Cd 浓度大于60 mg·kg^-1以上时，尾巨桉幼苗生长出现一定程度上的损伤症状和生长停滞现象。结果表明低浓度(≤20 mg·kg^-1)Cd处理下尾巨桉幼苗能正常生长，随着浓度的增大，Cd 处理对尾巨桉的形态和生理特性造成显著影响。同时结合部分桉树适生区土壤 Cd 含量调查及相关研究结果认为，尾巨桉具有一定修复 Cd 污染区土壤的潜力。     

芙蓉鲤鲫(芙蓉鲤♀×红鲫♂)的性腺组织学及繁殖性能研究

采用解剖观察、组织切片及人工催情等方法,研究芙蓉鲤鲫(Cyprinus capiofurong.♀×Carassius auratus red var.♂)的性腺发育及繁殖性能。结果显示:解剖观察,芙蓉鲤鲫性腺发育异常的个体占83.64%,性腺外观基本正常的个体占16.36%。组织学观察,芙蓉鲤鲫性腺可分三类:两性嵌合体占21.13%,其中以精巢为主的16.90%,以卵巢为主的4.23%,它们性腺发育迟缓,在繁殖季节成熟系数也没有明显变化,性腺多为一侧发育或两侧不对称,两种性腺细胞均不能成熟;雌性个体占40.84%,在生殖季节卵巢可发育到第IV时相,但未见其细胞核发生偏移;雄性个体,占38.03%,在生殖季节只能发育到精子细胞阶段,不能产生成熟的精子。经人工催产,芙蓉鲤鲫少部分个体有发情产卵行为但不能正常受精。结果表明芙蓉鲤鲫为两性败育类型。     

玉米精播机漏播补偿系统设计

目前玉米免耕播种机的播种质量仍低于常规播种。本文讨论了微机控制的排种监测及漏播补偿装置，通过机电结合手段解决漏播问题。台架试验表明本装置能够准确发现漏播，并通过采取的措施实现及时补种，补种成功率可达90％以上。     

18年生尾巨桉无性系木材纤维形态和基本密度变异研究

对18年生尾巨桉（Eucalyptus urophlla×E．grandis）无性系木材纤维特征与基本密度进行研究,通过测定木材的纤维长度、宽度、壁厚、腔径、木材基本密度,分析结果表明：木材基本密度、纤维长度、纤维长宽比、壁厚、壁腔比在树干径向方向由髓心向外有逐渐增大的规律。纤维长度与基本密度之间呈显著的负相关,纤维宽...     

保水剂对巨尾桉盆栽苗木生长的影响

为评价保水剂在桉树生长中的作用,研究了2种保水剂用量和4种水分供应条件下,巨尾桉苗木的生长量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率和叶绿素含量的变化情况.结果表明,随着田间持水量增加,除了叶绿素含量差别不大,苗木的高增长量、地径增长量、净光合速率均显著上升;施用保水剂的效果与田间持水量60％和80％处理的作用基本一致,保水剂在桉树人工...     

小黑杨抗寒转录因子PnsICE1基因克隆与生物信息学分析

ICE1基因是能够编码类似MYC的b HLH转录因子,在低温条件下能够特定地结合CBF3基因启动子中的顺式作用元件,以诱导这个基因所能调控的下游基因的表达。本研究以4℃低温处理24 h的小黑杨(Populus simonii×P.nigra)c DNA为模板,克隆ICE1基因,命名为Pns ICE1。其c DNA长1 650 bp,可编码549个氨基酸。利用Phytozome数据库、NCBI网站、Prot Param、Prot Scale、Pfam27.0和MEGA软件对小黑杨ICE1基因进行生物信息学分析,BLAST分析表明,c DNA序列及其推导的氨基酸序列均与毛果杨(P.trichocarpa)和甜杨(P.suaveolens)ICE1存在着较高的同源性,预示所获得的c DNA可能是小黑杨ICE1基因(Pns ICE1)。     

Establishment of Chinese soybean Glycine max core collections with agronomic traits and SSR markers

It is very important to efficiently study and use genetic diversity resources in crop breeding and sustainable agriculture. In this study, different sampling methods and sample sizes were compared in order to optimize the strategies for building a rationally sized core collection of Chinese soybean (Glycine max). The diversity in the core collection captured more than 70% of that in the pre-core collection, no matter what sampling methods were used, at a sampling proportion of 1%. Core collections established with both simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker data and agronomic traits were more representative than those chosen on an independent basis. An optimal sampling method for a soybean core collection was determined, in which strategy ‘S’ (allocating accessions to clusters according to the proportion of square root of the original sample size within each ecotype) was used based on SSR and agronomic data. Curve estimation was used to estimate the allelic richness of the entire Chinese soybean germplasm and a minimum sample size for a core collection, on which a sampling proportion of about 2% was determined to be optimal for a core collection. Further analysis on the core collection with fourteen agronomic traits and allelic constitution at 60 SSR loci suggested that it highly represented the entire collections both on genetic structure and diversity distribution. This core collection would provide an effective platform in proper exploitation of soybean germplasm resources for the study of complex traits and discovering important novel traits for crop genetic development.     

Variation of grain iron content in a local upland rice germplasm from the village of Huai Tee Cha in northern Thailand

Crown rust caused by Puccinia coronata Cda. f. sp. avenae Eriks., is a major fungal disease of cultivated oats (Avena sativa L.) in Tunisia. Six landrace oats (M_tK₂, JT₅, BJ₃₅, GT₁, ZN₃ and JT₀) locally collected and previously screened for their relative oat crown rust resistance were used in this experiment. These accessions were evaluated during a two cropping season in field plots under heavy natural oat crown rust infection. Assessment criteria to crown rust reactions were AUDPC, latent period, uredinia size and number of uredinia per cm² of infected leaf area. Principal components analysis showed that the variables were grouped in two components. These two principal components explained 83.56% of the total variance. The projection of the point-cloud representing the populations on the plan formed by the principal components ‘Fact 1’ (63.83%), in abscissa, and ‘Fact 2’ (19.73%) in ordinate, permitted to distribute the accessions in several groups. Three landrace oats (M_tK₂, JT₅, and JT₀) showed the lowest value of all the components used. These landrace oats might be good sources of effective and durable resistance to crown rust.     

Geographical patterns of phenotypic diversity in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oryza sativa</Emphasis> landraces of Côte d’Ivoire

The knowledge of agro-morphological diversity and the distribution pattern of variation among conserved accessions could be an invaluable aid in germplasm management and crop improvement strategies. In this study, the geographical pattern of morphological variation of 880 landrace rice (Oryza sativa (L.)) accessions in Côte d’Ivoire was evaluated for 13 agro-morphological characters. Shannon –weaver diversity index indicated an overall mean of 0.47 ± 0.07 in the collection, with the greatest diversity from derived Savanna and north-west (H′ = 0.52 and 0.50) while the west-central had the lowest diversity (H′ = 0.41). Canonical discriminant analysis showed that traits such as panicle length, grain size (weight and length), tillering ability, number of days to heading and maturity were the main discriminatory characteristics. Result of the phenotypic frequency shows that, the landraces from the north and north-western zones were mostly tall, early heading and maturity, compared to those from the west and west-central which were mainly dwarf to medium height, late heading and maturing. This differential distribution of landraces with height, heading and maturity period reflected the distribution pattern of different Oryza sativa landraces in Côte d’Ivoire, which could be useful in germplasm management and breeding programs.